Introduction to Socotra

The name alone evokes mystery. For many, it remains a blank spot on the map. Situated in the Indian Ocean, about 240 km east of the Horn of Africa and 380 km south of the Arabian Peninsula, Socotra is part of Yemen but exists in a world of its own. It’s one of the last great adventure destinations on Earth. Behind its dramatic natural beauty lies a rich history, distinct culture, and complex geopolitical situation. This article provides an in-depth look into the island’s geography, history, administration, and travel logistics.

1. Geographic Location and StructureThe Socotra archipelago comprises four islands: the main island Socotra and the smaller islands Abd al-Kuri, Samhah, and Darsa. The total land area is around 3,625 km². Geologically, Socotra lies on the Somali Plate, which originally formed part of Africa before drifting apart. This geographic isolation has allowed the evolution of a unique ecosystem, often compared to the Galápagos Islands.

2. Historical Significance and TradeThe Greek navigator in the 1st century CE, author of Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, mentioned Socotra as an important trading post for incense, aloe, and dragon’s blood resin. Arab legends say that the Prophet Job once found refuge on the island. During the Middle Ages, Socotra was part of various trade networks involving Hadrami, Indian, and later Portuguese merchants. The Portuguese briefly occupied the island (1507–1511), establishing a small fort. In the 19th century, it became a British protectorate until it was integrated into South Yemen in 1967.

3. Population, Language, and Way of LifeAbout 60,000 people live on Socotra, mostly in small villages along the coast and in the central highlands. The native language is Soqotri, a nearly extinct Semitic language without a written script. Although Arabic is the official language, Soqotri is widely spoken in daily life. Many residents maintain a traditional lifestyle as nomads, fishermen, or small-scale farmers. Educational facilities are limited, and medical care is often lacking in remote areas.

4. Administration and Political ContextSocotra is officially part of Yemen, but since 2018 it has been under de facto control by the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which is funding infrastructure, hospitals, and flight connections. The local population is divided – some welcome the investments, while others fear a loss of cultural identity. International organizations have urged protection of the island’s UNESCO World Heritage status. Despite Yemen’s ongoing civil war, Socotra remains relatively stable and safe for travelers.

5. Getting to Socotra – A Path to ParadiseDirect flights to Socotra are rare. Currently, there is one weekly flight from Abu Dhabi (UAE) to Hadibo (Socotra) operated by Air Arabia Abu Dhabi, taking about 2.5 hours. A Yemeni visa is required and must be arranged via a tour operator who works with local authorities. Charter flights for research groups or private tours are also possible. Former routes through Sana’a or Mukalla are currently not recommended due to conflict.

6. Climate, Travel Seasons, and Environmental ConditionsSocotra has a semi-arid climate with temperatures ranging between 22°C and 35°C. The year has two distinct seasons:

October to May: Dry season with optimal travel conditions.

June to September: Southwest monsoon with strong winds, high waves, and limited transport access.

The island lacks freshwater lakes – drinking water is sourced from springs, wells, and fog collection systems. Sustainability is a key concern, especially for tourism.

Conclusion: Socotra is not a typical holiday destination but rather a place for explorers, nature lovers, and cultural enthusiasts. Those who venture there will find a society caught between tradition and modern change, traces of ancient maritime history, and a natural world that feels untouched by time. The island remains a remarkable example of how isolation can foster diversity – biologically, culturally, and socially.